What Is Restorative Justice?

Restorative justice (RJ) is a philosophy and set of practices that focus on repairing harm rather than punishing offenders. In a school context, RJ:

• Centers the needs of those harmed and the obligations of those who caused harm
• Builds community and strengthens relationships
• Gives all parties a voice in resolving conflicts
• Develops students' accountability and empathy

California Legal Framework

Education Code Article 9 — Restorative Justice Practices

California codified restorative justice in schools through Article 9 (beginning at EC §48900.8), which:

• Defines restorative justice practices
• Encourages districts to adopt RJ as an alternative to exclusionary discipline
• Provides guidance on implementation

AB 1165 (2023) — Racist Bullying & Restorative Justice

Effective January 1, 2024, AB 1165:

• Requires schools to consider restorative justice practices as a response to racist bullying, harassment, or intimidation
• Mandates documentation of RJ interventions used
• Requires districts to report data on the use of RJ for bias-related incidents

Core Restorative Practices

Implementation Steps for Deans/Counselors

1. Get trained — Attend RJ training through your district or organizations like SEEDS of Restorative Justice
2. Start with community-building — Circles are most effective when relationships are strong
3. Don't skip the process — RJ requires preparation, a facilitated process, and follow-up
4. Involve families — Parent/guardian participation strengthens outcomes
5. Track outcomes — Document the use of RJ and measure effectiveness